[Download] "Risk, Youth and Moving on (Report)" by British Journal of Community Justice ~ eBook PDF Kindle ePub Free
eBook details
- Title: Risk, Youth and Moving on (Report)
- Author : British Journal of Community Justice
- Release Date : January 22, 2009
- Genre: Law,Books,Professional & Technical,
- Pages : * pages
- Size : 264 KB
Description
Introduction Risk is the 'world's biggest industry' (Adams 1995:3) and permeates almost every aspect of social and economic life. Within this risk infused climate (Beck 1992, 2005) the terms risk and youth have become meshed, with an almost constant demonising of youth. For Muncie this has resulted in an 'institutionalized intolerance' of youth (1999) and an over-regulation of children and young people (see for example R. Smith 2003). This 'problematisation of youth' (Kelly 2000, 2001) has resulted in particular criminal justice and social policy responses that promote increased regulation and control of youth (Armstrong 2004). Youth has become the 'prism' through which the social ills of society are perceived (Brown 2005), although such distortions of youth are hardly new (Pearson 1983). Policy responses have tended towards a 'corrective mode' focusing on programmes of corrective thinking, education campaigns (e.g. FRANK on drugs, or recent campaigns on carrying knives), and re-moralisation towards more prudential risk decisions (Kemshall 2008a; Rose 1996a, b, 2000). This approach has been predicated on two key notions: that risk is predictable through a range of individualised risk factors; and that prudential risk taking underpins risk decisions. This article will briefly explore the limits of the risk factorology approach (Kemshall 2003)- an approach that has received considerable critique and review in recent years (see for example: Armstrong 2004; Case 2006, 2007; Goldson 2005; Goldson and Muncie 2006; Kemshall et al 2006; Kelly 2003; R. Smith 2006). Prudentialism and the notion of the rational actor has also been strongly linked to correctional policies on risk (Kemshall 2006). In brief, this is the assumption that people will act rationally and prudently on risk if only they are given the right information and are encouraged to make the correct choices (for example through corrective cognitive behavioural programmes, or education campaigns such as 'Safe Sex' etc.). The approach is heavily dependent on the correct identification of risk and the targeting of those presenting the risk. However, this risk factor paradigm has increasingly attracted critique.